J’ai découvert le Cyberpunk (comme beaucoup j’imagine) avec le film Blade Runner de Ridley Scoot (1982). C’est donc tout naturellement que j’ai voulu découvrir Neuromancien, la pierre angulaire du genre.
L’Histoire
William Gibson nous plonge dans un univers Cyberpunk où le personnage principal, Case, un pirate informatique de génie, a été privé de sa capacité à se connecter à la matrice, un réseau informatique mondial qui relie tous les ordinateurs de la planète. C’est alors qu’apparaît un mystérieux employeur, Armitage, qui offre à Case la possibilité de récupérer son accès à la matrice en échange de ses services pour une mission de piratage.
S’ensuit une histoire rocambolesque et folle.
Le Cyberpunk – C’est quoi ?
Sous-genre de la science-fiction, le Cyberpunk s’est développé dans les années 80 . Il se caractérise par un univers dystopique de haute technologie où la frontière entre l’homme et la machine est devenue floue (implants cybernétiques, prothèses robotisées …) . Les histoires se déroulent souvent dans des villes surpeuplées et dangereuses, où les grandes corporations ont remplacé les gouvernements et où la technologie est omniprésente.
Les protagonistes de ces récits sont souvent des anti-héros, des marginaux, des hackers qui cherchent à survivre dans un monde sans pitié (la mafia, la drogue, les meurtres sont omniprésents). Les thèmes clés du Cyberpunk incluent (entre autres) l’aliénation, la surveillance, la corruption, l’injustice sociale, la réalité virtuelle, les implants cybernétiques et la transhumanité (mouvement qui cherche à améliorer la condition humaine grâce à l’utilisation de technologies avancées : IA, robotique, nanotechnologie…).
Avec un accent mis sur le décor très inspiré du Japon des années 80 avec des néons partout et des styles vestimentaires tout droit sortis de la fashion week. Bref, c’est un genre très riche et souvent barré, qui permet aux auteurs de développer leur imaginaire dans un univers ultra informatisé.
Neuromancien ou l’histoire incompréhensible
William Gibson ne nous épargne pas. Dès les premières lignes il nous accroche comme de vulgaires poissons à un hameçon. Son style est nerveux, cynique, désabusé. Tout va très vite et en même temps l’auteur prend le temps de nous décrire son univers Cyberpunk à souhait : néons, idéogrammes japonais, hologrammes, matrice, drogues, combats… Nous sommes précipités dans un gouffre hypnotique dont il est impossible de se sortir. Et on sent clairement à quel point il a influencé de nombreux autres artistes (je pense en particulier à Matrix et le jeux vidéo Cyberpunk 2077 qui s’est largement inspiré du roman).
Le rythme de l’histoire est dératé. Comme sous l’emprise de méthamphétamine, le cerveau est hyper stimulé, on se retrouve dans un rêve lucide où le décor change en permanence. C’est une course effrénée qui ne s’arrête que lorsqu’on a lu la dernière ligne du bouquin.
Mais avec ce rythme, cet enchaînement psychédélique, on ne comprend pas toujours où nous mène l’auteur, ce qu’il se passe, pourquoi, où, qui… J’ai un peu honte de l’admettre, mais l’auteur m’a perdue à plusieurs reprises. Je voyais défiler devant moi une tonne d’action, du mouvement, du code informatique, des personnages sans savoir comment j’en étais arrivée là.
L’histoire est un vrai sac de nœuds, un univers stratifié à la Inception, et il est parfois difficile de savoir si on se trouve dans le monde réel ou un substrat de la matrice. C’est très déstabilisant.
En fait, Neuromancien soit on aime, soit on déteste.
Ai-je aimé cette lecture ?
La réponse est oui.
Cette lecture a tout de même réussi à me captiver. L’univers de Gibson est génial, riche et complexe, avec un côté rétro futuriste qui n’est pas dénué de charme (nous avons beau être dans le futur, il est fantasmé du point de vue des années 80).
Sa plume est addictive et les moments où j’ai réussi à comprendre où en était l’histoire, m’ont beaucoup plus. J’étais étrangement fascinée par tout ce qui se passait dans ce bouquin, même sans tout en comprendre (j’ai tout de même réussi à cartographiée la trame principale en reliant plusieurs éléments entre eux, un vrai travail de détective).
Mais une question me taraude l’esprit : aurais-je autant apprécié Neuromancien si je n’étais pas familière du Cyberpunk ?
Parce qu’il faut bien avouer que Gibson nous plonge tête la première dans son univers, sans aucune explication. Les descriptions courtes mais précises de l’environnement semblent estimer que tout le vocabulaire du Cyberpunk est acquis par le lecteur : termes japonais, techniques etc. Donc, sans connaître les codes et les apprécier, je pense sincèrement que cette lecture aurait été une mauvaise expérience. Et submergée par le flot intempestif d’informations, j’aurais juste abandonné.
Conclusion
Est-ce que je recommande ce roman ? C’est une question difficile. Si vous voulez découvrir la « genèse » du Cyberpunk et vous n’avez pas peur de vous retrouvez dans un univers où tout va très vite, trop vite, sans structure solide, alors oui. Mais si vous n’appréciez pas sortir des sentiers battus et surtout si vous n’y connaissez rien au Cyberpunk, je dirais que non, cette lecture n’est vraiment pas faite pour vous.
En fait avec Neuromancien on part dans les élucubrations de Gibson qui se plonge corps et âme dans son délire de matrice. Le roman est fascinant par beaucoup de côtés mais rebutant par de nombreux autres.
Neuromancien est un livre vraiment singulier. Dans mon esprit, il s’apparente à une oeuvre d’art moderne qui fascine autant qu’elle plonge dans les abîmes de l’incompréhension.
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